Desmoplastic Mesothelioma

Desmoplastic mesothelioma is a rare and fibrous subtype of malignant sarcomatoid mesothelioma, primarily associated with asbestos exposure.

Most mesothelioma cases, including desmoplastic, are linked to asbestos exposure. While it can develop in various areas of the body, it is most commonly found in the lung lining (malignant pleural mesothelioma). It has also been observed in cases of peritoneal and pericardial mesothelioma. Mesothelioma occurs in three primary cell types: biphasic, epithelial, and sarcomatoid, with desmoplastic malignant mesothelioma (DMM) being a rare subtype of sarcomatoid mesothelioma.

Prognosis for Desmoplastic Mesothelioma

The prognosis for desmoplastic mesothelioma varies for each patient due to its rarity, resulting in limited published studies on survival rates. Some studies have reported life expectancies ranging from 1 to 12 months for treated patients. Comparing desmoplastic survival rates to general mesothelioma rates remains unclear. However, research on other non-epithelioid mesothelioma types, such as desmoplastic sarcomatoid mesothelioma, may provide insights. For example, a recent clinical trial involving non-epithelioid mesothelioma patients achieved a median survival of 18.1 months with immunotherapy, offering potential hope for those with desmoplastic mesothelioma. Further studies and case reports may provide additional insights into the impact of immunotherapy on prognosis.

Symptoms

Desmoplastic mesothelioma’s rarity has resulted in limited studies on its specific symptoms. However, reported symptoms are similar to those of more common mesothelioma types and may overlap with other conditions. These symptoms include chest pain, cough, difficulty breathing (dyspnea), pleural effusion, pleural thickening, shortness of breath, and weight loss. Patients with a history of asbestos exposure should discuss potential mesothelioma symptoms with their doctors to determine the cause and appropriate tests.

Diagnosing Desmoplastic Mesothelioma

Diagnosing desmoplastic mesothelioma involves imaging scans and biopsies, with special attention to histology and cytology testing. Diagnostic processes may include CT scans, fluid biopsies, and tissue biopsies. A biopsy is the only definitive method to confirm mesothelioma. Pathologists analyze biopsy tissue to identify characteristics of desmoplastic mesothelioma. Careful analysis helps distinguish it from conditions like pleural fibrosis, which shares similarities. Sharing a history of asbestos exposure with doctors is crucial for accurate diagnosis.

Causes

Asbestos exposure is a known cause of malignant mesothelioma, including desmoplastic mesothelioma. However, specific details of how asbestos leads to this subtype are not fully understood due to its rarity. Inhaling asbestos fibers may cause them to lodge in the pleura, leading to inflammation and the development of mesothelioma tumor cells. Numerous case reports show a history of asbestos exposure in desmoplastic mesothelioma patients. It is vital for individuals with asbestos exposure history to discuss potential symptoms and monitor their health with doctors.

Treating Desmoplastic Mesothelioma

Treatment for desmoplastic mesothelioma is personalized based on factors such as tumor location, stage, and overall patient health. Treatment options include chemotherapy, experimental therapies, immunotherapy, multimodal therapy, radiation, and surgery. Palliative care is also available to manage symptoms and emotional needs throughout the mesothelioma journey. Each patient’s treatment plan is tailored to their unique circumstances. Understanding desmoplastic mesothelioma and its complexities is crucial for patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals.